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Im Zusammenhang mit der Börse hört man dieses Wort immer wieder und überall. Trading hier, Trading dort. Viele Webseiten – inklusive dieser hier – beschäftigen sich insbesondere mit dem Thema Online Trading.
Doch was ist Trading überhaupt im Zusammenhang mit der Börse?
Was ist Trading? Crashkurs in 3 Minuten
Bezogen auf die Börse ist Trading(engl. “handeln” ) eine Spekulationsart, also eine Handelsart im kurzfristigen Zeithorizont, die versucht, Preisschwankungen auszunutzen. Dabei werden Wertpapiere, Rohstoffe, Währungen, Zinsen oder Derivate innerhalb eines kurzen Zeitraums gekauft und wieder verkauft.
Zeithorizont beim Trading
Der Zeitraum für die Handelsgeschäfte kann vom Wochenbereich bis in den Sekundenbereich reichen. Auch der Handel im Millisekundenbereich ist heutzutage möglich, dieser wird automatisiert durch Computer durchgeführt (sog. “Algo-Trading”). Je nach Zeithorizont variieren die Trading-Strategien stark. Es ist wichtig zu wissen, in welchem Zeithorizont man handeln möchte.
Der Hebel
Da kurzfristiges Trading meist nur kleine Preisbewegungen mit sich bringt, die zusätzlich von den Transaktionsgebühren aufgressen werden, wird beim Trading in der Regel mit einem Hebel gearbeitet. Dies wird erreicht, indem Teile der Käufe durch Fremdkapital (Kredite) finanziert werden. Durch die zusätzlichen Fremdmittel ist ein viel höheres Volumen bei gleichem Kapitaleinsatz möglich.
Durch den zusätzlichen Hebel erhöhen sich somit die Gewinnchancen, jedoch auch die Verlustrisiken. Beim ernsthaften Trading kommt man daher um ein sauber ausgearbeitetes und dokumentiertes Risikomanagement nicht herum.
Technische Analyse und Timing
Da Ein- und Ausstiegssignale im kurzfristigen Handel durch fundamentale (betriebswirtschaftliche) Kennzahlen nur sehr schwer zu timen sind, hat sich beim Trading der Ansatz der technischen Analyse – manchmal im engeren Sinn auch Chartanalyse genannt – durchgesetzt. Hier wird allein der historische Kursverlauf eines Basiswertes analysiert.
Die Grundannahme bei der Chartanalyse ist, dass an der Börse wiederkehrende Ereignisse und Verhaltensmuster gibt, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit von zukünftigen Kursverläufen zumindest teilweise einschätzen lässt. Wichtigstes Instrument sind in diesem Gebiet Trendlinien und Formationen. Zur Unterstützung werden üblicherweise aber auch Indikatoren und das Handelsvolumen herangezogen. Zur Chartanalyse bzw. technischen Analyse gibt es bereits einen aufschlussreichen Artikel: Was ist Chartanalyse?
Die verbreitetsten Trading-Märkte:
- Aktien
- Renten (auch Anleihen, Bonds, oder Treasuries genannt)
- Forex (Foreign Exchange) – Währungshandel
- Indizes (direkter Handel eines Index, zB Dax oder Dow Jones)
- Commodities (Waren und Rohstoffe )
Die verbreitetsten Trading-Instrumente:
- Futures (sog. “unbedingtes Termingeschäft“)
- CFDs (Contracts for Difference, Differenzenkontrakt)
- Optionsscheine und Zertifikate
Schön und übersichtlich…
gute zusammenfassung! auch wenn technische analyse natürlich nicht der heilige gral beim trading ist. (Vgl. zB elliot-wellen, etc..).
grüße
hi fibbo!
wie du richtig sagst, ist die technische analyse nicht der heilige gral. aber als Timing-Instrument ist die technische Analyse Gold wert.
Ich hab es hier auf dem Blog schon irgendwo gelesen, und verstehe es ebenso, wie die Autoren. Die fundamentale Analyse liefert das WAS (welche Aktien kaufe ich), die technische Analyse liefert das WANN (wann steige ich ein)? Jedenfalls kann man mit der technischen Analyse viel filigranere Einstiegspunkte finden.
Nur meine Meinung 🙂
Natürlich gibt es noch andere Analysemethoden.
kurfis
aus aktuellem anlass wieder rausgekramt 😉
Schau mal unter technische-analyse-welt.de nach. Da kann man in 5 Minuten, na besser in 15 Minuten eine Menge über Trading mit technischer Analyse lernen.
Gute Infos gibts auch noch in der Comdirect Akademie.
Gruß, didi (nicht der Hallervorden) 😉
Cool Danke, saubere Erklärung! Danach hab ich gesucht. Hier fehlt ein Like-Button 😉